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    What is Periodontology?

    Periodontology is a specialized term in dentistry that refers to all the tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontology includes:

    • Gums: The soft tissue surrounding the neck of the tooth.
    • Alveolar Bone: The bony structure that supports the teeth.
    • Dental Pulp: The connective fibers that attach the tooth to the alveolar bone.
    • Cementum: The hard tissue covering the root of the tooth.

    Periodontology plays a crucial role in keeping the teeth securely anchored in the jawbone.

    What is Periodontal Disease?

    Periodontal disease is an infection of the periodontal tissues caused by harmful bacteria in plaque and tartar. If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to serious consequences such as:

    Gingivitis: The initial stage of periodontal disease, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when brushing.

    Periodontitis: The advanced stage of the disease, where bacteria penetrate deeper into the periodontal tissues, destroying the supporting bone and causing teeth to loosen and potentially fall out.

    Causes of Periodontal Disease

    The primary cause of periodontal disease is poor oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of bacterial plaque around the gums, resulting in gum inflammation. This plaque gradually calcifies into tartar, exacerbating gum inflammation and progressing to periodontitis. Additionally, other factors contributing to periodontal disease include:

    Hormonal changes can increase gum sensitivity and the risk of gingivitis. Certain conditions such as cancer, immunosuppression, and diabetes can heighten the risk of infections, particularly periodontal disease.

    Medications: Some medications can reduce saliva flow, which is essential for protecting teeth and gums. These medications include those for angina and anticonvulsants. The use of such drugs can lead to abnormal gum tissue growth.

    Family history of dental diseases.

    Treatment Methods for Periodontal Disease

    Periodontal disease is a serious issue if not treated promptly. Fortunately, there are now many effective treatment methods available to help you regain a healthy set of teeth.

    The main treatment methods for periodontal disease include:

    1. Deep Cleaning (Scaling)

    Purpose: To completely remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gums, in areas that toothbrushes cannot reach.

    Procedure: The dentist will use specialized tools to scrape away plaque and smooth the tooth surfaces.

    2. Endodontic Treatment

    Purpose: To treat inflamed dental pulp caused by periodontal disease.

    Procedure: The dentist will remove the infected pulp and seal the root canal.

    3. Periodontal Surgery

    Purpose: To remove periodontal pockets, regenerate gum tissue, and clean the alveolar bone.

    Types of Surgery:

    • Bone Grafting: For cases where a significant amount of alveolar bone is lost.
    • Gum Grafting: For cases where the gums have receded.
    • Excisional Surgery: To remove excess gum tissue for better oral hygiene.

    4. Supportive Treatment

    Antibiotics: Used to eliminate disease-causing bacteria.

    Anti-inflammatory Medication: Reduces gum swelling.

    Antimicrobial Mouthwash: Helps clean the mouth and prevent bacterial growth.

    Periodontitis – Detection and Treatment

    The Process of Treating Periodontal Disease

    • Examination and Diagnosis: The dentist will examine your teeth and take X-rays to assess the condition of the disease.
    • Treatment Planning: Based on the examination results, the dentist will develop an appropriate treatment plan.
    • Implement Treatment: The dentist will perform the necessary dental procedures.
    • Monitoring and Follow-Up: You need to return to the dental clinic for regular check-ups to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan if necessary.

    Preventing Periodontal Disease

    • Proper Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth at least twice a day and use dental floss daily.
    • Regular Dental Check-ups: Schedule check-ups and cleanings every six months.
    • Healthy Diet: Limit sugary foods, hard foods, and acidic foods.
    • Quit Smoking: Smoking is one of the leading risk factors for periodontal disease.

    Note: If periodontal disease is not treated promptly, it can lead to many serious complications. Therefore, if you notice any signs of periodontal disease, you should visit a dentist for timely examination and treatment.

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